第十课 词干-cid-,-cis-(切割，杀戮)
A
[abs-(ab-的变体)离开+cis切割=>切掉]脱落；截去，切除；横坐标（与纵坐标交切）
abscise /vt自然脱落
abscisic /a脱落的
abscisin /n脱落素
abscissa /n横坐标
abscission /n截去，切除，脱离；顿听法
B
[circum-周围+cis切割->切成一圈]环切
circumcise /vt割除。。。的包皮（或阴蒂）；对。。。进行环切术；净（心）
circumciser /n环切术者
circumcision /n包皮环切术；环切术；（犹太教）割礼；净心
C
[con-加强+cis切割->尽量切除多余的->删繁就简]简要，简明
concise /简明的，简洁的，简要的
D
[de-完全+cid，cis切割->快刀斩乱麻，斩钉截铁]决定，解决；无疑；果断（决断）
decidable /a可以决定的；决定得了的
decide /vt决定，决意；解决；裁决；vi决定，下决心；判决
decided /a决定了的；坚决的；明显的
decidedly /adv坚决地；明确地
decidedness /n坚决，果断；明显，明确
decider /n决定者；裁决者；决赛
decision /n决定，决心；果断；坚定；决议；结果
decisive /a决定性的；明确的；果断的
decisively /adv明确地；果断地
decisiveness /n明确；果断
indecision /n无决断力，优柔寡断，犹豫不决；缺乏决心；议而不决
indecisive /a非决定性的；非结论性的；不决断的，犹豫不决的；优柔寡断的；未清楚标明的；不明确的；模糊的
indecisively /adv犹豫不决地；
indecisiveness /n犹豫不决
redecide /vt再决定，重新决定
undecided /a未定的，未觉地；（天气）不稳定的；不鲜明的；模糊的
undecidedly /adv优柔寡断地
undecidedness /n优柔寡断；不安定
E
[ex-离开+cid,cis]割掉；删除
excide /vt切开；割掉
excise /vt割去，删除；在。。。上切切口
excision /n切除；删除；切除术
excisional /a切除的；删除的
F
[in-向内+cis]切除；切口；雕刻，切迹；切牙
incisal /a切的；割的
incise /vt切入；切开；雕刻
incised /a切入的；切开的；刀伤；割伤；雕刻的
incision /n切入，切开；雕刻
incisive /a切入的；锋利的；尖锐的；深刻的；透切的；切牙的；门牙的
incisor /n切牙，门牙
incisory /a门牙的；适合切割的
incisure /n切迹
G
[pre-预先+cis]摘要；精确；严格；正确
précis /n摘要，概要；大意；梗概；vt.摘。。。的要点，写。。。的大意
precise /a精确的，准确的；讲究精确的；明确的；恰好的；刻板的；拘泥的
precisely /adv精确地；明确地；刻板地；拘泥地；正好地；恰恰
preciseness /n精确；确切；拘泥
precisian /n严格遵守规则的人；清教徒
precision /n精确性；精密；精密度；a/精确的，精密的
precisionist /n（在语言方面）讲究精确的人
precisive /a精确的；正确的
imprecise /a不精确的；不明确的，含糊的
B
cid还构成下列一些单词[cid-杀戮+e名词性结尾à杀……（药）剂；cid杀戮+al形容词词性结尾—>杀……的]
aph蚜+I(连接元音)+cide杀àaphicide /n杀蚜虫剂
bacill杆菌+I+cide=bacillicid /n杀杆菌药剂
formicide杀蚂蚁药剂
fungicidal /a杀真菌的
gametocide /a杀配子体的
herbicide /n除草剂
insecticide /n杀虫剂
larvicide /n杀幼虫剂
miticidal /a杀螨的
miticide /n杀螨剂
nematicide/n杀线虫剂
parasiticide /n杀寄生虫剂
pediculicide /n灭虱
rodenticide /n杀鼠剂
sporicide /n杀螺旋体剂
sporicide /n杀孢子剂
taeniacide /n杀滴虫剂
vermicide /n杀蠕虫剂
viricide /n杀病毒剂
weedicide /n除草剂

例句
1.??A concise account of the event is needed.
2.?We have not decided as to who shall be the winner of the prize.
3.?They won the decisive victory.
4.?His character is very decided.
5.?I have not yet given my decision on the matter.
6.?A tumor was excised.
7.?He incises a copper plate.
8.?I have got an incisive weapon,
9.?I came at six o’clock precisely.
10.?A scientist must be precise in making tests.

第十一课??词干-claim-,clam-,-clamat-（喊叫）

同族词
A
[ac-(ad-的变体)加强+claim,clamat叫喊，加强叫喊，兴高采烈的喊叫]欢呼，喝彩；赞扬；鼓掌
acclaim??vt??向……欢呼；为……喝彩；??vt??欢呼，喝彩； n??欢呼，喝彩
acclamation??n 欢呼
acclamatory??a欢呼的，喝彩的
B
[claim,clam-叫喊，呼吁，要求]索取（要取），声称，主张，迫切要求。
Claim??vt要求；声称；主张；n,要求；权利。
Claimable??a 可要求的；可认领的
Claimant??n 请求者；申请者
Claimless??a 无要求的
Clament??a 喧嚷的；紧急的；迫切的
Clamantly??adv 喧嚷地；迫切地
Clamor,clamour??n 吵闹；喧嚷；叫喊；vi吵闹
Clamorous??a喧闹的，吵吵嚷嚷的
C
[con-共同+clam,clamat]共同喊叫
conclamant??a 异口同声的
conclamation??n??异口同声
D
[de-完全+claim,clamat]不停的喊叫，慷慨陈词；雄辩，朗读
declaim??vt 慷慨激昂的演说，雄辩，朗读；攻击；vt朗读
declaimer??n演讲者；朗诵者
declamation??n雄辩；雄辩术；朗诵
declamatory??n雄辩的；适合朗诵的
E
[dis-否定+claim,clamat]不要叫喊，不呼吁，不要求；放弃，否认，不索取
disclaim??vt 放弃；不索取；否认
disclaimer??n放弃；不承认
disclamation??n放弃；不承认；不承受
disclamatory??a否认的
F
[ex-超越+claim.clamat]惊呼，惊叫，感叹
exclaim??vt呼喊；惊叫；大声说
exclamation??n呼喊；惊叫；感叹；惊叹语
exclamational??a呼喊的；惊叫的；感叹的
exclamative??a惊叫的；感叹的
exclamatorily??adv感叹地；惊叹地
exclamatory??a惊叹的；感叹的
G
[non-不+claim]不喊叫，不呼吁，不要求
nonclaim??n未提出要求；要求懈怠
H
[over-超过+claim,clamat]过分要求
overclaim??n过分的要求
I
[pro-公开+claim,clamat] 叫喊，公开叫喊，公布于众；宣告；声明，宣布；表明；显示
proclaim??vt宣告；宣布；公布；声明；公告
proclamation??n宣布，公布；声明；公告
proclamatory??a公告的，布告的
self-proclaimed??a自称的
J
[quit-放弃+claim]放弃要求
quitclaim??n放弃要求
K
[re-返回+claim,clamat]召唤回来；感化；收回，改造，开垦，开拓
reclaim??vt开拓；开垦；改造；感化；n改造，感化
reclaimable??a可开垦的；可改造的
reclaimant??n矫正者；挽救者
reclaimer??感化者；纠正者；改造者
reclaimation??n开垦；改造；收复
reclame??n公众的欢迎
irreclaimability??n无可改造性
irreclaimable??a不能开垦的；（人）坏得无法挽救的
irreclaimableness??n不能开垦；无法改造
irreclaimably??adv无法改造地
L
[un-无+claim]无人承认
unclaimed??a无人认领的；无人领取的

例句
1.?The newspaper acclaimed the fireman a hero.
2.?He was hurt in a railway accident and has put in a claim for compensation.
3.?The newspapers were clamoring(大肆) against the government plans.
4.?He declaimed against the government last week.
5.?He disclaims any right to interfere in the affairs of his neighbor.

第十二课??词头com-,con-,col-,cor-(共同，加强) -------------------------------------------(PART 1)
派生词com-加在一些词的前面可以构成新词，具有“共同”，“加强”，“互相”等意思。Con-用在c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v,之前；col-用在l之前；cor-用在r之前。例如：
labor??n/vt/vi??工作，劳动??????????????????????????????collaborate??vt合作
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????collaboration??n合作
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lapse??n/vi/vt??跌落；陷入；使失效??????????????????????collapse??vi/vt使倒坍，崩溃
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????collapsible??a（椅子等）可折叠的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
linear??a线的??????????????????????????????????????????collinear??a共线的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
loquacious??a多话的，健谈的????????????????????????????colloquial??a口语的；会话的
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????colloquialism??n口语
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????colloquist??n谈话者，对谈者
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????colloquium??n讨论会，报告
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????colloquy??n谈话
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mandate??n/vt命令，委任，委托????????????????????????command??vt/vi命
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commandant??a指挥官，命令
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commandeer??vt征用
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commander??n指挥员，司令
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commanding??a指挥的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commend??vt把……交托给
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????称赞
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commendable??a值得称赞的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? commendation??n称赞
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mensurable??a可量的??????????????????????????????????commensurability??n可公度；
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 可通度
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????commensurable??a可公度的
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????commensurate??a同量的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mission??n使命，任务???????????????????????????????? commission??n为人，任命
????????????????????????????????????????????????????commissioner??n委员，特派员
????????????????????????????????????????????????????commitment??n交托
????????????????????????????????????????????????????committee??n委员会
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
patriot??n爱国者???????????????????????????????????? compatriot??n同胞，同一国人
????????????????????????????????????????????????????compatriotic??a同胞的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
catenate??vt连锁，连接?????????????????????????????? concatenate??vt连锁，连接
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
catenation??n连锁，连接??????????????????????????????concatenation??n连锁，连接
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cave??n/vt/vi洞；掘洞，使塌陷；陷落?????????????????? concave??a/n凹的；凹面；凹
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cede??vt放弃，让步??????????????????????????????????concede??vt/vi 承认；让步
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 放弃希望
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cession??n让与?????????????????????????????????????? concession??n让步；租地
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concessionaire??n受让人
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concessionary??a让步的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concessive??a让步的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cordial??n/a强心剂；热心的????????????????????????????concord??a协调，同意，一致
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concordance??n协调，一致
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concordancy??n协调,一致
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concordant??a协调的，一致的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????concordat??n协定；契约
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
current??n/a流；趋势；流通；现在；当前????????????concur??vi同意，一致
???????????????????????????????????????????????? concurrence??n同意，一致
???????????????????????????????????????????????? concurrent??a同意的，一致的
???????????????????????????????????????????????? concurrently??adv同意地；一致地
???????????????????????????????????????????????? concurrentness??adv同意；一致

12课------------------------------------------------------------------（PART2）
duct??n导管???????????????????????????????????????? conduce??v导致
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductor??vt/vi/n引导；传导
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductance??n导致；电导
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductibility??n传导性
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductible??n传导；引导
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductive??a传导性；有传导力的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductivity??n传导性
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductor??n导体；引导者
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conductress??n女引导者
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
form??n/vt/vi形状；构成；形成????????????????????????conform??vi/vt使相似；使一致；使适应
?????????????????????????????????????????????????? conformable??a相似的；一致的；适应的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conformance??n相似；一致；适应
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conformation??n形成；一致；适应
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conformism??n盲从态度
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conformist??n/a尊奉传统者；因袭的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conformity??n相似；一致；服从
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
front??n前面；正面?????????????????????????????????? confront??vt面对，使碰面
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fuse??vi/vt使熔合；结合?????????????????????????????? confuse??vt使混乱
????????????????????????????????????????????????????confusion??n混乱
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
join??vt连接；结合????????????????????????????????????conjoin??vt/vi连接；结合
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
joint??n/v/a连接物；连接；联合的??????????????????????conjoint??a连接的；联合的
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
junction??n连合??????????????????????????????????????conjunction??n连合；连接词
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conjunct??a连合的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conjunctional??a连合的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conjunctive??a/n连合的；连接词
????????????????????????????????????????????????????conjuncture??n结合
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
query??vt/vi/n质问，发问??????????????????????????????conquer??vt攻克；征服
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? conquerable??a可攻克的；可征服的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? conqueringly??adv胜利地；以征服者的姿态
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
quest??vi/vt/n搜寻；远征?????????????????????????????? conquest??n攻克，征服
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
science??n知识；科学??????????????????????????????????conscience??n良心
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? conscientious??a有良心的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? conscious??a知觉的；有意识的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? consciously??adv知觉上；意识上
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? consciousness??n知觉，意识
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scribe??n/vt书写?????????????????????????????????????? conscribe??vt征召；征（兵）
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
script??n书写手迹??????????????????????????????????????conscript??vt/n征召；征兵；应征士兵
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? conscription??n征召；征兵
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sentient??a有感觉的?????????????????????????????????? consent??vi/n同意，答应
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? consentaneous??a同意的；一致的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? consenter??n同意者
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? consentient??a同意的；一致的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? consenting??a同意的；准许的
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sequence??n顺序；后果????????????????????????????????consequence??n结果
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sequent??a/n连续的；结果?????????????????????????? consequent??a/n作为结果的；推论
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consequential??a结果的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consequently??adv因而；所以
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sign??n/vt/vi签字；标签?????????????????????????????? consign??vt/vi交付；委托；同意
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consignation??n委托；托送
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consignee??n收件人；受托人
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consigner??n交付人；委托人
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consignment??n交付；委托
????????????????????????????????????????????????????consignor??n交付人；委托人

12课------------------------------------------------------------------（PART3）
sort??n种类；品种；品质?????????????????????????????? consort??n配偶；同事；结交；调和
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????consortium??n合伙；财团；会社；结合
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
species??n种类????????????????????????????????????????conspecies??n同属的动植物
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
specific??a特种的??????????????????????????????????????conspecific??a同种的
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
strict??a严格的；拉紧的????????????????????????????????constrict??vt收紧，压缩
constriction??a收紧，压缩
constrictive??a收紧的；压缩的
constrictor??n/压缩物
constrictor??n收紧；压缩
constringency??n收紧；压缩
constringent??a收紧的；压缩的
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
temporary??a一时的，暂时的????????????????????????????contemporary??a同时代的；同时期的
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????contemporaneity??n同时代；当代
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? contemporaneous??a同时代的
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? contemporize?? vt/vi使同时发生
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
traction??n拖；牵引??????????????????????????????????????contraction??n收缩
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contract??vt/vi收缩
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contracted??a收缩的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contractibility??n收缩性
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contractile??a可收缩的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contractible??a会收缩的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contractility??n收缩力
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contractive??a有收缩性的
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????contractor??n收缩肌；立约者
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
verge??vi倾向????????????????????????????????????????????converge??vi/vt集中于一点；趋于相同目的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convergence??n集中
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convergency??n集中
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convergent??a集中的，会聚的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convergently??adv集中地；会聚地
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
volution??n旋转?????????????????????????????????????????? convolution??n盘旋
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convolute??vi/vt盘旋
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convoluted??a盘旋的
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convolve??vi盘旋
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? convolvement??n盘旋

例句
1.?The present work comprises five essays nicely concatenated.
2.?The palm of one’s hand is slightly concave.
3.?Everyone concedes that two and two make four.
4.?I concentrate my thought on the subject.
5.?It is at the center of the city.
6.?He concluded that the plan was not workable.
7.?In concordance with your wish I went there.
8.?It is impossible to obtain the concurrence of all the parties concerned.
9.?Wood is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, but a metal conducts well in both case.
10.?I am confirmed in my opinion by what you told me.
11.?The stranger conformed his ways to ours.
12.?They conjoin in one to fight against his proposition.
13.?A severe illness in conjunction with the hot weather has left the baby very weak.
14.?The country has never been conquered by foreign force.
15.?The Romans extended their conquest to Britain.
16.?The knowledge quieted his conscience.
17.?I am deeply conscious of my responsibility as a teacher.
18.?He escaped conscription because he was too short.
19.?My father could not consent to my leaving school.
20.?I ought first to have asked your consent.
21.?He does not consider the consequences.
22.?The goods were consigned to you by railway and have arrived by now.
23.?It was constructed from designs prepared by famous engineer.
24.?The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.
25.?That is this result of the corrupt system.

第十三课??词干-dens-(稠，凝)

同族词
A
[con-加强+dens凝结->凝结在一起]凝结，压缩，缩合，浓缩
condensability??n可凝性；可压缩性
condensable??a可凝结的；（文章等）可压缩的
condensary??n炼乳工厂
condensate??n冷凝物，冷凝液
condensation??n冷凝（作用）；凝聚（作用）；缩合（作用）；（文章等的）压缩
condensational??a冷凝的，凝聚的
condensative??a易凝缩的；有凝结趋势的
condensator??n聚光器；凝结器
condense??vt使冷凝，使凝结；压缩；精简；vi浓缩，凝结
condensed??a缩小的，缩短的；浓缩的
condensedly??adv浓缩地；缩短地
condenser??n冷凝器，聚光器；电容器
condensery??n炼乳工厂
condensable??a可凝结的
condensity??n凝结；浓缩
extracondensed??a细长密集的
incondensability??n无凝结性的
incondensable??a不可凝缩的，无凝缩性
recondensation??n再凝集；再浓缩
recondense??vi/vt使再凝集；使再浓缩
B
[dens-稠密]密集，浓厚，愚钝（思想不灵活）
dense??a密集；稠密的；浓厚的；愚钝的；极度的；（底片）厚的，反差强
densely??adv密集地；稠密地；愚钝地
denseness??n密集；稠密；浓厚；愚钝
densify??vt使增加浓度/密度
densimeter??n密度计
densimetric??a密度计的
densimetrically??adv用密度计
densimetry??n用密度计测量
densitometer??n光密度计；显象密度计
density??n密集（度），稠密（度）；密度；愚钝；厚度；不透明度
C
[non-否定+dens稠密]无处稠密（数学用语）
nondense??a无处稠密的
D
[nowhere-无处+dens稠密]无处稠密（数学用语）
nowhere-dense??a无处稠密的

例句
1.??A condensation of that famous book was printed in our magazine last month.
2.??Steam condenses into water when it touches a cold surface.
3.??He has to condense his letter of application into one page.
4.?This is a condensed version of that famous book.
5.?I like the condensed fruit juices.
6.?This book is condensable.
7.?The city was densed with soldiers.
8.?The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.
9.?We need a densimeter.

第十四课??词干-doc-.-doct-(教。说)

同族词
A
[doc-,doct-教，说]博士（能说会道的，博学多才之士），医生（古代医生多为教师兼职，中外概同），先生（对知识分子的称呼，尤其是教师）
docile??a容易管教的，驯顺的，驯良的
docility??n驯良，驯顺
doctor??n博士，医生；兽医；先生；vt授……以博士头衔；医治
doctoral??a博士的
doctorate??a博士衔，博士学位
doctress??n女博士
doctrinaire??n空谈理论的（人）
doctrinairism??n空谈理论，教条主义
doctrinal??a教条的，教义的
doctrinally??adv教条地
doctrinarilly??adv在基本上原则的
doctrine??n教条，教义；原则
document??n公文，文件；文献；证件；vt用文件证明
documentable??a可用文件证明的
documental??a公文的，文件的
documentarily??adv在公文上
documentary??a公文的，文件的；证书的；记录的；n纪录影片；记实小说
documentation??n文件的提供
B
[in-否定+doc教---难教]不服从（怎么教也不行）。难驯服
indocile??a难驯服的；倔强的
indocility??n不服从；难驯服
C
[in-向内+doct教=教导入门]灌输；教授
indoctrinate??vt灌输；教，教训
indoctrinator??n灌输者；教授
indoctrination??n灌输；教训
D
[post-后+doct教]在受高等教育之后
postdoctoral??a博士后
E
[un-无+doc说]无任何说明=无以证明
undocumented??a无正式文件的；无事实证明的

例句
1.?Both are docile pupils looking for instruction.
2.?If you are ill, go to see a doctor at once.
3.?My father doctored here for over 50 years.
4.?Where did she do her doctorate?
5.?With its entry into World War II, the United States rejected the doctrine of isolationism.
6.?He arranged his documents before leaving the office.
7.?The history of that period is very badly documented.
8.?It is too plain to need documentation.
9.?He is an indocile domineering man.
10.?They indoctrinate the immigrants in a new way of life.

第十五课??词干-equ-（相等）

同族词
A
[co-(com-的变体)共同+equ 相等]彼此等待
coequal??a（在地位权利等方面）相互平等的
coequality??n相互平等
coequally??adv相互平等地
B
[equ-相等]平衡；平均；公平；赤道
equability??n平稳；一样；平静
equable??a平衡的；（相当）稳定的
equably??adv平稳地，稳定地
equal??a相等的，均等的；相同的；平衡的；胜任的；不相上下的；合适的；平静的；n相等的事物；（地位等）相同的人；vt等于；比得上
equalitarian??a平均主义的；平等主义的；n平均主义者；平等主义者
equalitarianism??平均主义；平等主义
equality??n同等；平均；等式
equalization??n相等；均等；平均
equalize??vt/vi（使）相等；n相等；均等；平均
equalizer??n使相等者；使平均者；平衡器；均衡器；均压线；补偿器
equally??adv平等地；相同地
equanimity??n沉着，平静，镇定
equate??vt使相等；同等对待；表示……相等；vt相同
equation??n平衡；均衡；平均；相等；等式
equational??a方程式的；相等的
equator??n赤道；天球赤道；（平均分球形物体的面的）圆；（任何）大圆
equatorial??a赤道的；n赤道仪
equatorially??adv在赤道附近
equiangular??a等角的
equiaxed??a各方等大的（尤其指金属晶粒）
equicaloric??a（能产生）同等热量的
equicenter??n等心
equidistance??n等距
equidistant??a等距的；同比例的
equidistantly??adv等距离地；同比例地
equilateral??a等边的；等面的；两侧对称的；n等边形；等边
equilibrant??n平衡力，均衡力
equilibrate??vt/vi平衡；（使）均衡；（使）相称；（使）均衡
equilibration??n平衡；相称；平均
equilibrator??n均衡器
equilibrist??n走钢丝的人
equilibrium??n平衡；平均；相称；平静；不偏不倚
equimolal??a重量克分子浓度相等的
equimolecular??a等分子数的
equimultiple??n等倍数，等倍量
equinoctial??a二分点的；昼夜平分的；春分（或秋分）的；赤道的
equinox??n昼夜平分时；二分点
C
[in-不+equ(i)相等]不相等
inequable??a不一律的；不均衡的；不公允的
inequality??n不平等；不平均；不均衡；不相同；不等（式）
inequilateral??a不等边的
inequitable??a不公正的，偏私的
inequitably??adv不公正地；偏私地
inequity??n不公正，不公平，偏私
D
[sub-几乎+equ]几乎相等
subequal??a几乎相等
subequatorial??a近赤道的
E
[trans-横国+equ]横过赤道
transequatorial??a横越赤道的
F
[un-不+equ]不相等
unequable??a不温和的；易老化的
unequably??adv不相等地；不平等地
unequal??a不相等的，不同的；不平等的；不对称的；n不同等的事物
unequalable??a可不相等的
unequaled??a不等同的；不能比拟的
unequalize??vt使不平等
unequally??adv不相等地；不对称地
unequitable??a不公平的
unequitably??adv不公平地

例句
1.?He is coequal with others.
2.?In size Japan is equal to France.
3.?He had no equal.
4.?I cannot equal him in English.
5.?He is not on an equality with you.
6.?We equalized accounts.
7.?They are both equally pretty and they can both run equally fast.
8.?The equatorial diameter of the earth is longer than the polar diameter.
9.?The body of the fish is equilibrated with the water in witch it swims.
10.?We indicated the inequalities of the earth’s surface.
11.?His strength was unequal to the task.

第十六课?? 词干-err-（漫游，走岔）

同族词
A
[ab-离开+err游走]离开正道越走越远；越轨；离开正路
aberrance??n离开正路
aberrancy??n脱离常轨
aberrant??a离开正路的；脱离常轨的；畸变的；异常的
aberration??n离开正路；离开正轨；过失；心理失常；像差；畸变；变型
aberrational??a离开正路的；心理失常的；变型的
B
[err-游走，走岔]歧途；犯罪（走入歧途），错误（方法不正确；路子走得不对）；出差（走出办公室），漂泊（到处游走），巡游，不稳
err??vi犯错误；弄错；作恶；入歧途；漫游
errability??n弄错；作恶
errable??a可能错误的；可能偏差的
errancy??n错误状态
errand??n差使；使命
errant??a周游的；漂泊的；错误的；迷路的；误入歧途的
errantly??adv漂泊地；错误地
errantry??n游侠行为
errata??n,pl错误；勘误表
erratic??a飘忽不定的；不稳定的；无规律的；移动的；游走的；n古怪的人
erratically??adv不稳定地
erratum??n错误；勘误表
erring??a做错了事的；有罪过的
erringly??adv有罪过地
erroneous??a错误的；不正确的
erroneously??adv错误地；不正确地
erroneousness??n错误，不正确
error??n谬误；错误；谬见；错误思想；罪过；邪恶；差错
C
[in-否定+err]没有错误；无误；确定
inerrability??n绝对正确性
inerrable??a不会错的；绝对正确的
inerrably??adv绝对正确地
inerrancy??n无错误；绝对正确
inerrant??a不会错的；绝对正确的
inerratic??a有规律的；固定的
D
[knight-骑士+err]到处游走的侠客
knight-errant??n游侠骑士；侠客
E
[un-无，未+err]未走岔，未走错
unerring??a没有偏差的；准确的
unerringly??adv准确地
unerringness??n准确；无过错

例句
1.?That rocket was on an aberrant course.
2.?The aberrations(荒唐行为) of his youth have long been forgotten.
3.?He erred in supposing that the house was empty.
4.?I’ve got a few errands to do in the town.
5.?It is the erroneous belief that the earth is flat.
6.?He went over it and found only two or three errors.

第十七课??词干-fa-,-fat-(说)

同族词
A
[af-(ad的变体)接近+fa说---靠近说话----平易近人---和蔼可亲]温柔，友善；和蔼可亲；（天气）宜人
affability??n和蔼可亲；温柔；友善
affable??a和蔼可亲的；（天气等）宜人的
affably??adv温柔地；友善地
B
[ef-(ex的变体)向外+fa说---向外说出---可用语言表达]说出；表达；说明
effable??a能被说出的。可表达的；可说明的，可解释的
C
[fa-,-fat说]寓言（有所寄托的话），虚构（假话）；名声（众口传闻，知名度是被大家说出来的），著名；命运（上帝旨意，宿命论的说法）
fable??n寓言；虚构的故事；传说；无稽之谈；情节；大众闲谈的题材；vi讲寓言
fabled??a寓言中的；虚构的
fabler??n编寓言者；虚构情节者
fabulist??n寓言家，撒谎者
fabulosity??n寓言性质；虚构性；无稽；惊人
fabulous??a寓言般的；寓言中的；惊人的；难以置信的，极好的；编写寓言的
fabulously??adv难以置信地
fabulousness??n寓言；难以置信
fame??n名望；名声；vt使闻名；盛传；称道
famous??a著名的；出名的；极好的；非常令人满意的
famously??adv极好地；非常令人满意
fatal??a命运的，决定命运的；命中注定的；宿命的；致命的；毁灭性的；不幸的
fatalism??n宿命论
fatalist??n宿命论者
fatalistic??a宿命论的；宿命的
fatalistically??adv宿命论地
fatality??n命运决定的事物天数，命运；厄运；灾祸；死亡（事故），致命性
fatalize /fatalise??vt使倾向宿命论；使受命运支配；vi倾向宿命论
fatally??adv致命地
fate??n命运；天数；毁灭；灾难；vt注定
fated??a命运决定的；注定要毁灭的
fateful??a命中注定的；与命运有关的；致命的
fatefully??adv命中注定地
fatefulness??n命中注定；重大；致命
fatidic(al)??a寓言的；有寓言能力的
D
[in-否定+fa---不说----不会说；不被正面传说]臭名（名声，荣誉的反面）；婴儿（不会说话）；幼稚（孩子气）
infamize??vt使声名狼藉
infamous??a声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；丢脸的；低劣的
infamy??n臭名；声名狼藉，臭名昭著；出丑；丑事
infancy??n婴儿期；摇篮时代；未成年
infant??n婴儿，幼儿；未成年者；a婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的；未成年的
infanticide??n杀害婴儿；杀婴犯
infantile??a婴儿（期）的；幼稚的
infantine??a婴儿（期）的；早期的
infantilism??n幼稚型，婴儿型；幼稚病；幼稚行为
E
[pre-前+fa,fat-说---说在前面]序言，引言
preface??n序言，前言，绪论，引言；vt给……作序；作为……的开端；开始；vi作序
prefatorial??a序言的；引言性的；位于前面的
prefatory??a序言的；引言性的；位于前面的

例句
1.?The host is affable to his guests.
2.?The story is all a fable.
3.?It is fatal to his hopes.
4.?There were a dozen fatalities and many cases of injuries.
5.?He was fatally wounded.
6.?Fate is always against him.
7.?He seems fated to lose all his money.
8.?He suffered an infamous punishment.
9.?We found the infamy of his action.
10.?That was the life in his infancy.
11.?This is the preface of the first edition.

第十八课?? 词干-fenc-,fend-,-fens-(保护，屏障)

同族词
A
[de-加强+fenc,fend,fens保护-----加强保护]防御，防护，防务，辩护（保护自己）
defence??n防御；保卫；防务；辩护；答辩
defenceless??a无防御的；无防备的
defencelessly??adv无防御地
defencelessness??n无防御；无防备
defend??vt防守；为……辩护
defendable??a可保护的
defendant??n被告；a处于被告的地位
defender??n保管者
defendress??n女保管者
defense??n防护；防御；防御物；自卫；辩护；答辩
defenseless??a无防备的
defenselessly??adv无防备地
defenselessness??n无防备；不设防
defensibility??n可防御性
defensible??a能防御的；能辩护的
defensibleness??n可防御；可辩护
defensibly??adv可防御地
defensive??a可防御的；防卫的；守势的；n防御；守势
defensively??adv在防御上
defensiveness??n防御；防卫；守势
defensory??a防御的；防卫的；守势的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
indefensibility??n不能防的；难以防御的；不能辩护的
indefensible??a不能防守的
indefensibly??adv不能防守地
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
self-defense??n自卫
self-defensive??a自卫的
undefendableness??n无法保卫
undefended??a没有防备的，无保护的
B
[fenc-,fend-保护]栅栏，篱笆（防御鸡犬），击剑（保护自己，消灭敌人），防护（设防保护），辩论（捍卫自己的观点）
fence??n栅栏；围栏；篱笆；击剑；雄辩；vt把……用栅栏围起来
fenceless??a无围栏的
fencelessness??n无围栏；无保护
fencer??n击剑的人；修建栅栏的人
fencible??a国防军士兵；a能卫国的
fend??vt保护；挡开；vi照料
fender??n防御物；火炉围栏；救护装置
fendered??a用栅栏保护的
C
[for(e)-先，前+fend-保护---保护在前]挡开；防止
forefend??vt挡开；避开；防止；保护
forfend??vt挡开；避开；防止；保护
D
[of-(ob-的变体)对着+fenc,fend,fens.保护----对着别人的保护----对着别人的篱笆----冒犯]触怒；伤害，进攻；罪过
offence??n冒犯；触怒；犯法；进攻
offenceless??a不冒犯别人的；无力进攻的
offencelessness??n无力进攻
offend??vt冒犯；触怒；伤害；vi犯错
offendable??a可冒犯的；能伤害的
offendedly??adv冒犯地
offender??n冒犯者；罪犯
offendress??n女冒犯者
offense??n犯法；犯罪；伤感情；不说；触怒；攻击
offenseless??a无罪的；不讨厌的
offenselessly??adv无罪地
offensive??a冒犯的；唐突的；进攻的；n进攻
offensively??adv冒犯地；进攻地
offensiveness??n冒犯；唐突；进攻

例句
1.?They took proper defense against their enemy’s attack.
2.?It is grammatically defensible.
3.?He defended his point successfully.
4.?Both countries claimed that they were acting on the defensive.
5.?The tree is fenced around with wire.
6.?Beautiful white fencing enclosed the pastures.
7.?The house jumped over the fence.
8.?He offended at(by) my words.
9.?No smoking here; offenders will be fine $5.00.
10.?His words gave great offense to everybody present.

第十九课?? 词干-fid-（信任）

同族词
A
[af-(ad的变体)+fid-信任---使更加信任]宣誓（当众说出表示决心的话）
affidavit??n宣誓书
B
[con-共同+fid-信任---更加相信]密友（无话不谈）；吐露（倾吐内心秘密）；心腹；确信
confidant??n（常指可以与谈有关恋爱事情的）密友，知己
confidante??n知己女友
confide??vt吐露（秘密）信托；委托；vi信任；吐露秘密
confidence??n信任；信心；自信；把握；大胆；过于自信；私房生活；a骗得信任的
confident??a确信的；有信心的，自信的，过于自信的；狂妄的n知心人
confidently??adv确信地；自信地
confidential??a极易信任的，心腹；秘密；表示信任的；易于信任他人的
confidentially??adv秘密地
confiding??a信任别人的
confidingly??adv信任别人地

nonconfidence??n不信任；不自信；不秘密
overconfidence??n过分自信
overconfident??a过分自信的；自负的
preconfide??vt先前信赖vi先前信任
self-confidence??a自信，自持
self-confident??a自信的；满怀信心的
unconfident??a无信心的；迟疑的
C
[dif-(dis-的变体)否定+fid信任----不予信任]缺乏自信，胆怯；踌躇]
diffidence??n缺乏自信；羞怯；胆怯；踌躇
diffident??a缺乏自信的；羞怯的；胆怯的；踌躇的
diffidently??adv胆怯到；踌躇地
D
[fid-信任]信仰；信托；信用
fideism??n信仰主义
fideist??n信仰主义者
fideistic??a信仰主义的
fidelity??n忠诚；忠实；逼真；精确；逼真度；保真度；重现精度
fiducial??a基于信仰的；信托的；信用的；基准的
fiducially??adv信用地；基准地
fiduciary??a信托的；信用的；受信托的；信用发行的；n受信托人
fiduciarily??adv信用地
E
[in-否定+fid---不信任]异教；怀疑；背信；不贞
infidel??n 不信仰宗教的人；异教徒；a不信仰宗教的；异教徒的；怀疑的
infidelity??n无宗教信仰；不信基督教；背信，不忠实
infidelize??vt/vi使 不信奉宗教
F
[nulli-无+fid----无信任----没有信仰]
nullifidian??n无宗教信仰的人
G
[per-过于+fid----过于信任]叛卖；背信弃义
perfidious??a背信弃义的；叛卖的；不忠的
perfidiously??adv背信弃义地；叛卖地
perfidiousness??n背信弃义；叛卖
perfidy??n背信弃义；叛卖；出卖

例句
1.??I confide this book to your keeping.
2.?He enjoys the confidence and esteem of his friends
3.?I feel quite confident that he will do his duty.
4.?He told her something confidentially.
5.?He failed through diffidence alone.
6.?He remained an infidel to his dying day.
7.?Infidelity is ground for their divorce.
8.?The fidelity of the translation is very important.
9.?He is diffident about expressing his opinion.
10.?You have won my confidence; I know I can trust you.

第二十课??词干-fig-,-fict-(塑)

同族词
A
[con-加强+fig---加强塑造----塑造成一定的形状]外形，结构
configuration??n构造，结构；外形；构型
configurational??a结构的；外形的
configurationally??adv在外表上
configurative??a外形的
configure??vt使成型，使具形体
B
[dis-相反+fig----将塑造的形体毁坏]损坏外形；玷污
disfiguration??n损坏外形
disfigure??vt损坏……的外形（容貌）；损坏；玷污
disfigurement??n损坏；玷污
disfigurer??n损坏外形者
disfiguringly??adv在损坏外形方面
C
[ef-(ex的变体)外+fig----外形塑造]肖像；雕像；模拟像
effigial??a肖像
effigurate??a有一定形状的
effigy??n（被憎恨或藐视的人的）肖像；雕像；模拟像
D
[fict-,fig-塑]陶制品，虚构，杜撰，比喻；配角
fictile??a塑造的；可塑造的；黏土制的；陶器的；n陶制品
fiction??n虚构；杜撰；捏造；小说；明知不符和事实而习惯上仍采用的假设
fictional??a虚构的；小说的
fictionally??adv杜撰地；虚构地
fictioneer??n小说作家
fictionist??n小说家（长篇小说的）
fictionization??n编小说
fictionize??vt把……编成小说
fictitious??a虚构的；杜撰的；非真实的；假设的；假装的；小说的
fictitiously??adv虚构地；假设地
fictitiousness??n虚构；杜撰；假设
fictive??a非真实的；假设的]
fictively??adv非真实地；假装地
figuline??a陶制的；n陶器
figurable??a能形成的；能定型的
figurability??n能形成性；能定型性
figural??a比喻的；借喻的；具有人的形象的
figurant??n（芭蕾舞）配角；群众角色
figurante??n(芭蕾舞)女配角；女群众角色
figurative??a比喻的，借喻的；象征的；用图形表现的
figuratively??adv比喻地；象征地
figurativeness??n比喻；借喻；象征
figure??n外形；体形；
figured??a有形状的，用图画表现的
figurehead??n船头雕饰；挂名首脑
figurine??n小雕像；小塑像
A
[pre-先+fig塑----预先构造轮廓]预示；预想
prefiguration??n预示；预兆；预想
prefigurative??a预示的；预想的
prefigure??vt预示；预兆；通过形象预示
F
[trans变化+fig----变形]美化（使塑型向好处变化），理想化（对未来事物在思想上进行美化）
transfiguration??n变形，美化，理想化
transfigure??vt使变形；使改观；使美化；理想化

例句
1.?Geographers study the configuration of the surface of the earth.
2.?Beautiful scenery is often disfigured by ugly advertising signs.
3.?We found the disfigurement of walls by scribbles.
4.?The dead man’s monument bore his effigy.
5.?This is a fictile deity.
6.?She is sure his equanimity is fictitious.
7.?She made the true seem fictive.
8.?She does excises to prove her figure.
9.?The topic figured largely in the conversation.

 

 

第二十一课??词干-flat-（吹）

同族词
A
[de-减弱+flat吹----将吹气放大的东西放气缩小]缩小；瘪掉；泄气；紧缩
deflatable??a可放气的；可紧缩的
deflate??vt（抽掉，排去空气等）使缩小；使瘪掉；降低……的地位；使泄气；vi缩小
deflation??n放气；缩小；弄瘪；紧缩通货
deflationary??a紧缩通货的
deflationist??n主张紧缩通货者
B
[flat-吹]浮夸；吹捧；奉承；胀气；空虚
flatter??vt献媚；阿谀；奉承；使高兴；（画，肖像等上的形象）胜过（真人或哦实物）
flatterer??n阿谀奉承者；拍马屁的人
flattering??a献媚的；讨好的；奉承的；讨人喜欢的
flattery??n奉承；捧场；恭维的话
flatulence??n肠胃胀气；空虚；浮夸
flatulency??n肠胃胀气；空虚；自负
flatulent??a肠胃胀气的；空虚的；浮夸的；自负的
flatulently??adv浮夸地；自负地
flatus??n肠胃内的气体；肠胃胀气；气息；一阵风
C
[in-加强+flat-吹----将气吹得更大]充气；膨胀；夸张；通货膨胀；自满（自我膨胀）；言过其实（掺了假话）
inflate??vt使充气；使膨胀；使胀大；使得意；使骄傲；使（通货）膨胀；vi膨胀
inflation??n通货膨胀
inflationary??a通货膨胀的
D
[re-再+flat吹----使瘪掉的东西在膨胀起来]
reflate??vi（通货紧缩后）又造成通货膨胀；vt使（通货）再膨胀
reflation??n通货再膨胀
E
[self-自己+flat-吹----吹捧自己]
self-flattering??a自我吹嘘
self-flattery??n自我吹嘘
F
[suf-(sub-的变体)进一步+flat吹----将气进一步吹胀]充气；夸张；膨胀；吹嘘
sufflate??vt使充电；使膨胀；vt膨胀
sufflation??n充气；膨胀；夸张；自满
exsufflate??vt吹出，吹走
exsufflation??n吹出；吹走
insufflate??vt吹入；吹上；喷注；把（粉剂，雾气等）吹入人体
insufflation??n吹入；吹上；吹入剂；吹入法
insufflator??n吹入器
G
[un-否定+flat吹----不吹捧]耿直
unflattering??a不奉承的；不恭维的；指出缺点；耿直；坦率

例句
1.?I deflated the balloon.
2.?I feel greatly flattered by your invitation.
3.?He is much exposed to flattery.
4.?The picture certainly does not flatter you.
5.?They inflated him with pride.

第二十二课?? 词干-frag-, -fract-, frang-,(-fring-)(折)

同族词
A
[an-加强+fract折----迂回曲折]弯曲，曲折；错综复杂
anfractuosity??n曲折；错综；弯曲的道路（或河流）
anfractuos??a弯曲的；迂回的；错综的
B
[dif-(dis-的变体)分开+fract,frang折----拆而分开----转折]衍射，绕射
diffract??vi使衍射；使绕射
（其他词类同）
C
[ef-(ex-的变体)向外+fract-折（断）----向外折断]破裂（外表裂开）；窃贼（破墙偷盗）
effraction??n用力打开
effractor??n窃贼
D
[fract-,frag-,frang-折----折断----断开]断片；碎片；分数）整数的几分之几），分馏；脆弱
fraction??n小部分；片段；碎片；一点儿；分数；（分）馏；级分
fractional??a部分的；碎片的；分数的；分馏的；分级的
fractionalize?? vt把……分成几部分
fractionary??a部分的；分数的；分馏的
fractionate??vt使分馏；把……分成几部分
fractionation??n部分；分馏；分数
fractionator??n分馏器
fractionization??n分数化；部分化
fractionize??vt/vi（把……）分成几部分
fractographic??a金属断面的显微镜观察的
fractography??n金属断面的显微镜观察
fracture??n破裂；断裂；折断；裂缝；裂面；裂痕；骨折；断口；vi/vt使破裂；使断裂
fragile??a脆的；易碎的；脆弱的；虚弱的；体质弱的
fragility??n脆弱；脆性；易碎性
fragment??n碎片；破片；碎块；断片
fragmental??a不完全的；碎片的；琐碎的
fragmentary??a碎片的；碎块的；断片的；不完全的；不连续的；琐碎的
fragmentate??vt/vi使裂成碎片
fragmentation??n裂成碎片；分裂；破裂；（染色体）断裂
fragmentize??vi/vt使裂成碎片；使分裂
frangibility??n易碎性；脆性；脆弱性
frangible??a易碎的；脆的；脆弱的
E
[in-加强；否定+fract-, fring, frang 折----破坏（加强折断）；不可破坏；违犯；侵犯；不可破坏
infraction??n（法规等）违犯；违背
infrangible??a不可破坏的；不可分离的；不可违背的；不容侵犯的
infrangibility??n不可分离性；不容侵犯性
infrangibleness??n不破坏；不可分离
infrange??vt违犯；侵犯；违反；vi侵犯；侵害
infrangement??n违反；侵犯；违反
F
[re-离开+fract-,frang-,fring-]折射；
refract??vt.使折射；测定……的折射度；对……验光
refractable??a可折射的；可折射性
refractor??n折射器；折射望远镜
refraction??n折射作用；折射度；折射度测定
refractional??a折射的；折射度的
refractive??a折射的；有折射力的
refractometer??n折射计
refrangible??a可折射的
refrangibleness??n折射性
refrangibility??n可折射性；可折射度
refringence??n折射
refringent??a折射的
birefringence??n双折射 [bi-双]

例句
1.?The story does not contain a fraction of truth.
2.?These are fractional numbers.
3.?They are fractionalized.
4.?There is a fractionating tower (精馏塔)there.
5.?He fractured a rib.
6.?There are many fragments of the broken was on the desk.
7.?We found an infraction of the law in the city.
8.?It refracts rays of light.

 

第二十三课?? 词干-ger-,-gest-（承担，带有）

同族词
A
[di-(dis-的变体)分离+gest带有----将带有的东西分离]消化；领会；摘要；侵提；
digest??vt消化（实物）；助消化；领会；整理；做……的摘要；忍受；侵提 vi消化
B
[con-共同+ger-,gest带有----共同带有----把共同的东西带到一起]聚集；拥塞；充血
congest??vt充满；拥挤；使密集；使充血
congestion??n充满；充血；拥挤
congestive??a充血的；充血性的
C
[e-(ex的变体)出+gest-带有----带出----排泄]
egest??vt排泄；排（粪便等）
egesta??n排泄物
egestion??n排泄（作用）
D
[gest-承担，带有]怀孕；动作
gestate??vi/vt怀孕；孕育；酝酿
gestation??妊娠（期）；怀孕；（想法，计划等）酝酿
gestational??a 妊娠期的；酝酿
gestative??a怀孕的；酝酿的
gestatory??a怀孕的；发展的
gestic??a动作的（尤其指舞蹈）
gesticular??a*表情达意的）动作
gesticulate??vi（讲话时的）作手势；vt用手势表达
gesticulation??n做手势；表意的动作
gesticulative??a做手势的
gesture??n姿势；手势；（外交等方面的）姿态；vi做手势；vt用手势表达
E
[in-向内+gest带有----带入内部----向内传输]吸收；摄取
ingest??vt咽下；摄取；吸收
ingesta??n摄取食物
ingestible??a可摄取的
ingestion??n咽下；吸收；空气的吸入
F
[pro-在前+gest-带有----在带有……之前----在带有胚胎之前----在孕前]孕激素（引起子宫孕前改变的内分泌物）
progesterone??n孕酮；孕激素
progestin??n孕激素
G
[sug-(sub-的变体)下一个+gest带有----带有下一个……]联想，启发；建议
suggest??vt建议；提出；暗示；启发；使人联想到；使人想起
suggester??n建议者；启发者
suggestibility??n暗示感应性
suggestible??a易受暗示影响的；可建议的
suggestibleness??n可建议
suggestibly??adv建议地；启发地
suggestion??n建议；暗示；启发；联想
suggestive??a暗示的；示意的；引起联想的
suggestively??adv暗示地；启发地
suggestiveness??n暗示；示意

例句
1.?Cheese doesn’t digest easily.
2.?My digestion is out of order.
3.?These are digestive organs.
4.?Buses and cars congested every street in the centre of London.
5.?He is suffering from congestion of the lungs.
6.?The skin egests sweat.
7.?He ingested these ideas of philosophy.
8.?Her expression suggested that she was angry.

第二十四课??词干-grat-（喜悦）

同族词
A
[con-共同+grat-喜悦----共同喜悦]贺词（使对方喜悦的话），奖金，报酬，免费
congratulate??vt祝贺，向……致祝贺词
其他词类同
B
[grat-喜悦]愉快；满意，高兴，感激（使对方喜悦的话），奖金，报酬，免费
grateful??a感激的；感谢的；令人愉快的
gratefully??adv感激的；令人愉快的
gratefulness??n感激，感谢；可喜
gratification??n满足；喜悦；奖金；报酬
gratifier??n使满足者
gratify??vt使满足；使满意
gratifying??a令人满足的；可喜的
gratis??adv免费地；无偿地
gratitude??a免费的；无缘无故的
gratuitously??adv免费地
gratuitousness??n免费；无缘无故
gratuity??n赏金，小帐；退职金
gratulant??a表示满足的；祝贺的
gratulate??vt对……表示喜悦；vi表示祝贺
gratulation??n满足；庆祝
gratulatory??a祝贺的；庆祝的
C
[in-赋予+grat-喜悦----使……喜悦]讨好，迎合；奉承，巴结
ingratiate??vt使讨好；使巴结；使迎合
ingratiating??a讨好的，迎合的，奉承的
ingratiation??n巴结；讨好
ingratiatory??a目的在于讨好的
D
[in-否定+grat喜悦----使不喜悦]忘恩负义
ingrate??n忘恩负义的人
ingratitude??n忘恩负义
E
[self-自己+grat喜悦]
self-gratification??n自我满足；自我喜悦
self-gratulation??n自我满足；自我喜悦
F
[un-不+grat-喜悦----使不喜悦]忘恩负义，不领情；徒劳；讨厌
ungrateful??a忘恩负义的；不领情的；徒劳的；讨厌的
ungratefully??adv忘恩负义地；徒劳地
ungratefulness??n忘恩负义；徒劳
ungratified??a不满足的

例句
1.?I congratulate you on a fine crop.
2.?It is a matter for congratulation.
3.?I am deeply grateful to you for your kindness.
4.?Now she has a job in France she can gratify her wish to see Europe.
5.?Please accept my deepest gratitude.
6.?She knew how to ingratiate herself with all.
7.?He is of ingratitude to his parents.
8.?It is ungrateful of you to behave in such a way towards your benefactor

第二十五课?? 词干-grav-,-gravat-（重）

同族词
A
[ag-(ad-的变体)加强+gravat-重]加重；恶化；激怒；恼火
aggravate??vt加重；使恶化；激怒；使恼火
aggravating??a加重；恶化
aggravatingly??adv加重地；恶化地
aggravation??n加重；恶化
aggravative??a加重的；激怒的
aggravator??n激怒者
B
[grav-重]严重，怀孕，重力，重量，冤情，庄重；抑音
gravamen??n冤情；委屈，不平
gravamina??n, pl冤情；委屈；不平
grave??a严重的；重大的；严重的；庄重的；沉重的；阴沉的；低沉的；n抑音
gravely??adv严重地；低沉地
gravid??a怀孕的
gravidity??n怀孕
gravidly??adv怀孕地
gravidness??n怀孕
gravific??a使变重的
gravigrate??a步履沉重的
gravimeter??n重差计；比重计
gravimetric??a（测定）重量的；重量分析的
gravimetrically??adv在重量（测定）方面
gravimetry??n重量（或密度）测定（法）
gravitate??vt受重力作用；受引力作用；受引力；倾向；沉下；vt吸引
gravitater??n吸引者；使下沉者
gravitation??n万有引力；地心引力；倾向
gravitational??a万有引力的
gravitationally??adv有倾向地
gravitometer??n比重计
gravity??n严肃；严重性；重力；引力；重量
C
[in-使+grav重----使加重]
ingravescence??n恶化
ingravescent??a（病等）越来越严重的；恶化着的
D
[primi-初+grav-重----初次加重----初次怀孕]
primigravida??n第一次怀孕的妇女

例句
1.?His bad temper was aggravated by his headache.
2.?He is not used to the aggravating circumstance.
3.?This caused the aggravation of her sorrow.
4.?The situation confronting the new Republic was extremely grave.
5.?The sand and dirt in the water gravitated to the bottom of the bottle.
6.?The gravitation of population to cities is a serious problem.
7.?He balanced the long pole at the center of gravity.
8.?The disease has become ingravescent because of the hot weather.

 

第二十六课??词干-i-, -it-(走)

同族词
A
[ad-接近+it-走----走近----走过来----走进去]进口；入口
adit??n入口；进口
B
[amb-周围+i,it 走----在周围走----在一定范围内绕圈子]周围；环境；气氛；范围；志向；界限
ambience??n环境；周围；气氛
ambiance??n环境；周围；气氛
ambient??a周围；包围着的
anbit??n界限；范围；周围
ambition??n志向，志气，抱负；野心；奢望；vt妄想获得
ambitious??a有雄心的；野心勃勃的；热望的
ambitiously??adv野心勃勃地
circumambiency??n围绕；环绕
circumambient??a围绕的；周围的
unambitious??a无野心的，无雄心的；谦虚的
unambitiously??adv无雄心地
unambitiousness?? n无雄心；谦虚；朴实
C
[ex-向外+it走----向外走----走出去]退场；退出；出口；太平门；去世
exit??n退场；退出；出口；太平门；去世；vt退出；离去
D
[it-走，巡回]巡游；旅程；路线
itineracy??n巡回；巡游
itinerant??a巡回的；巡游的
ininerary??n旅游；路线；行程记；a旅游的；道路的
itinerate?? vt巡回；巡游
itineration?? n巡回；巡游
E
[trans-转移+it-----走到另一处]度过；转变；变迁；跃迁；通过；运输；道路；运输线；及物
transit??n通过；经过；通行；运行；运输；vt通过
transition??n度过；过渡时期；转变；跃迁；变调；转移论峰
transitional??a过渡的；转变的
transitive??a及物的；过渡的；n及物动词
transitively??adv及物地；过渡地
transitorily??adv暂时的
transitoriness??n暂时；瞬息
transitory??a暂时的；昙花一现的

例句
1.?Please exit by (from) the near (back)door.
2.?Please make you exit the door at the back of the stage.
3.?Billy was drunk last night and made his exit by falling under a truck.
4.?Leave your itinerary so that we can reach you in case of emergency.
5.?We were allowed two days for the transit of the lake.
6.?The frequent transitions from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness.
7.?Our university has a delightful ambience.
8.?The ambient vapor has condensed into water.
9.?It is the height of my ambition to serve my country.
10.?This is an ambitious program.
11.?I make out an itinerary of a proposed tour.
12.?In a transitional stage we should make a transition from old conception to the new.